1. Aim |
To determine the structures found in animal cell and plant cell |
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2. Problem of Statement |
What are the structures found in animal and plant cell? |
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3. Hypothesis |
Certain structures are only found in animal cell and plant cell. |
Certain structures are found in both animal cell and plant cell. |
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4. Variables |
Fixed variable – Quantity of reagent. |
Manipulated variable – Types of cell. |
Responding variable – Structure in animal and plant cell. |
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5. Apparatus |
Glass slides, cover slips, a light microscope, a scalpel, a pair of forceps, a glass dropper. beaker, toothpick, a mounting needle and filter paper. |
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6. Materials |
An onion bulb, drain water, aquatic plant, yeast solution, iodine solution. methylene blue solution and distilled water. |
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7. Technique |
Observing ,comparing and drawing structures in animal cell and plant cell. |
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8. Procedure |
i. Plant cell |
A scale leaf is obtained from an onion bulb. |
The transparent epidermis from the inner surface of the onion scale leaf is peel off using a forceps. |
A drop of water is put onto the middle of the slide and the epidermis is placed on the drop of distilled water. |
The specimen is covered with a cover slip at 45° angle with the help of a mounting needle |
A drop of iodine solution is added onto one side of the cover slip. To allow the iodine solution to spread through the epidermis, a piece of filter paper is placed at the opposite end of the cover slip. |
A piece of filter paper is used to absorb the excess iodine solution. |
The slide is then examined under a light microscope using a low power objective lens and then the high power objective lens. |
The epidermis is drawn and the cell structures which can be observed are labeled. |
The experiment is repeated using yeast solution and aquatic plant |
( Hydrilla ) |
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ii. Animal cell |
A drop of distilled water is placed on the slide. |
Using a blunt end of a toothpick, the inner side of the cheek is scraped a few times. |
The scrapping is smeared on the drop of water on the glass slide. |
Then it is covered with a cover slip at a 45° angle using a mounting needle. |
A drop of methylene blue solution is then added onto one side of the cover slip. |
To allow the methylene blue solution to spread through the cell, a filter paper is placed on the opposite end of the cover slip. |
A piece of filter paper is then used to absorb the excess methylene blue solution. |
The slide is then examined under a light microscope using a low power objective lens and then the high power objective lens. |
The cheek cell is drawn and the cell structures which can be observed are labeled. |
The experiment is repeated using drain water.
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Precaution measures: |
1. Rinse your mouth before scraping the cheek cells |
2. Drop the cover slip at 45 with mounting needle at the glass slide to avoid air bubbles formed |
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9. Observation: |
Drawing:
Plant cell
A DRAWING OF PLANT CELL WITH NUCLEUS, CELL WALL, CYTOPLASM AND PLASMA MEMBRANE LABELLED
Animal cell
A DRAWING OF AN ANIMAL CELL WITH NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM AND PLASMA MEMBRANE LABELLED
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8. Discussion:
i. Plant cell has regular shape because it has cell wall whereas animal cell has irregular shape because it has no cell wall.
ii. Both cells contain nucleus to control the activity of cell.
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9. Conclusion:
Certain structures are only found in animal cell and plant cell. Certain structures are found in both animal cell and plant cell.
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